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. 2025 Aug 1;26(15):7412. doi: 10.3390/ijms26157412
ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
ACR albumin-to-creatinine ratio
ADA American Diabetes Association
ANOVA Analysis of variance
ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers
BP blood pressure
CKD chronic kidney disease
CKD-EPI Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration
CVD cardiovascular disease
DAPA-CKD Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease
DBP diastolic blood pressure
DKA diabetic ketoacidosis
DM diabetes mellitus
DN diabetic nephropathy
eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
EMPA-REG OUTCOME Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
ESRD end-stage renal disease
HbA1c hemoglobin A1c
IQR interquartile range
JNC Joint National Committee
K+ potassium
KDIGO Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes
KDOQI National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative
MAP mean arterial pressure
MAU microalbuminuria
MS mean squares
NKF National Kidney Foundation
NHBPEP National High Blood Pressure Education Program
ONTARGET Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial
RAAS renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
RAASi renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors
Rx prescription/treatment
SBP systolic blood pressure
sCr serum creatinine
SD standard deviation
SGLT2i sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors
SGLT2i/ACEi sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
SS sum of squares
T1DM type 1 diabetes mellitus
T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus
UAE urinary albumin excretion
UTIs urinary tract infections