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. 2025 Aug 1;26(15):7459. doi: 10.3390/ijms26157459
ACTH Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
BBB Blood–Brain Barrier
CAGE Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener
cAMP Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
CNS Central Nervous System
COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2
CRF Corticotropin-Releasing Factor
CRP Cancer-Related Pain
EMA European Medicines Agency
FPS Facial Pain Scale
HPA Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal
IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer
IASP International Association for the Study of Pain
i.v. Intravenous
MAT Medication-Assisted Treatment
MCLS Mesocorticolimbic System
NMOU Non-Medical Use of Opioids
NSAIDs Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
NRS Numeric Rating Scale
OIH Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia
ORT Opioid Risk Tool
OUD Opioid Use Disorder
PKA Protein Kinase A
QST Quantitative Sensory Testing
SAMHSA Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (U.S.)
SOAPP Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain
VAS Visual Analogue Scale
VRS Verbal Rating Scale
VTA Ventral Tegmental Area
WHO World Health Organization