| ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
| BBB | Blood–Brain Barrier |
| CAGE | Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener |
| cAMP | Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate |
| CNS | Central Nervous System |
| COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 |
| CRF | Corticotropin-Releasing Factor |
| CRP | Cancer-Related Pain |
| EMA | European Medicines Agency |
| FPS | Facial Pain Scale |
| HPA | Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal |
| IARC | International Agency for Research on Cancer |
| IASP | International Association for the Study of Pain |
| i.v. | Intravenous |
| MAT | Medication-Assisted Treatment |
| MCLS | Mesocorticolimbic System |
| NMOU | Non-Medical Use of Opioids |
| NSAIDs | Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs |
| NRS | Numeric Rating Scale |
| OIH | Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia |
| ORT | Opioid Risk Tool |
| OUD | Opioid Use Disorder |
| PKA | Protein Kinase A |
| QST | Quantitative Sensory Testing |
| SAMHSA | Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (U.S.) |
| SOAPP | Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain |
| VAS | Visual Analogue Scale |
| VRS | Verbal Rating Scale |
| VTA | Ventral Tegmental Area |
| WHO | World Health Organization |