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. 2025 Aug 3;26(15):7504. doi: 10.3390/ijms26157504
beLP-K Lactobacillus plantarum beLP-K
CON Control
CT Computed tomography
DEX Dexamethasone
DM Differentiation medium
DMEM Dulbecco’s -Modified Eagle Medium
DW Distilled water
FTMFs Fast-twitch muscle fibers
FoxO3α Forkhead box O3 α
GAPDH Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GA Gastrocnemius
GC Glucocorticoid
GS Grip strength
GSM Grip strength meter
HRP Horseradish peroxidase
ICD International classification of disease
MAFbx Muscle atrophy f-box
MuRF1 Muscle RING-finger protein-1
MTT 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
OD Optical density
PBS Phosphate-buffered saline
RT Room temperature
SD Sprague–Dawley
STMFs Slow-twitch muscle fibers
TA Tibialis anterior
UPS Ubiquitin–proteasome system
WHO World Health Organization