| beLP-K | Lactobacillus plantarum beLP-K |
| CON | Control |
| CT | Computed tomography |
| DEX | Dexamethasone |
| DM | Differentiation medium |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s -Modified Eagle Medium |
| DW | Distilled water |
| FTMFs | Fast-twitch muscle fibers |
| FoxO3α | Forkhead box O3 α |
| GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GA | Gastrocnemius |
| GC | Glucocorticoid |
| GS | Grip strength |
| GSM | Grip strength meter |
| HRP | Horseradish peroxidase |
| ICD | International classification of disease |
| MAFbx | Muscle atrophy f-box |
| MuRF1 | Muscle RING-finger protein-1 |
| MTT | 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide |
| OD | Optical density |
| PBS | Phosphate-buffered saline |
| RT | Room temperature |
| SD | Sprague–Dawley |
| STMFs | Slow-twitch muscle fibers |
| TA | Tibialis anterior |
| UPS | Ubiquitin–proteasome system |
| WHO | World Health Organization |