CDs	Carbon Dots
WA-CDs	Wax Apple-Derived Carbon Dots
MIL-101	Materials of Institute Lavoisier-101 (a type of metal–organic framework)
WA-CDs@MIL-101	Composite of WA-CDs encapsulated in MIL-101
QY	Quantum Yield
MOFs	Metal–Organic Frameworks
TEM	Transmission Electron Microscopy
SEM	Scanning Electron Microscopy
EDX	Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
DLS	Dynamic Light Scattering
XRD	X-ray Diffraction
FTIR	Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
XPS	X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
UV–vis	Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy
qPCR	Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
LOD	Limit of Detection
RSD	Relative Standard Deviation
SI	Supporting Information
FCDMP	Fluorescent Carbon Dots by Flow-Assisted Melt Polymerization
BES	Bio-Electrochemical Sensor
FEAB	Freeze-Dried Electrochemically Active Bacteria
HOSN	Hybrid Graphene Oxide-Immobilized Silver Nanocomposite
GCDC	Green Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Chitosan
DUECD	Deep Ultraviolet Emissive Carbon Dots