Table 2.
Cox proportional HRs and 95% CIs for all-cause mortality according to quintiles of each provegetarian food pattern.
| PVG Food Pattern | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | p for trend |
| n | 4278 | 3957 | 3365 | 2893 | 3496 | |
| Deaths/person-years | 105/57,223 | 103/52,188 | 95/43,815 | 76/37,463 | 81/44,176 | |
| Sex and age adjusted | 1.00 (ref.) |
0.85 (0.65–1.12) |
0.88 (0.67–1.16) |
0.84 (0.63–1.13) |
0.71 (0.53–0.95) |
0.030 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (ref.) |
0.81 (0.61–1.07) |
0.84 (0.63–1.12) |
0.81 (0.60–1.10) |
0.69 (0.51–0.93) |
0.023 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (ref.) |
0.81 (0.61–1.08) |
0.84 (0.63–1.12) |
0.82 (0.60–1.10) |
0.68 (0.50–0.93) |
0.020 |
| Repeated measurements of diet | 1.00 (ref.) |
0.79 (0.59–1.05) |
0.82 (0.61–1.09) |
0.79 (0.59–1.06) |
0.69 (0.51–0.93) |
0.034 |
| hPVG Food Pattern | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | p for trend |
| n | 4090 | 3725 | 3889 | 3020 | 3265 | |
| Deaths/person-years | 72/54,737 | 92/48,522 | 98/51,384 | 96/38,828 | 102/41,394 | |
| Sex and age adjusted | 1.00 (ref.) |
0.97 (0.71–1.32) |
0.84 (0.62–1.14) |
0.95 (0.69–1.31) |
0.71 (0.52–0.98) |
0.030 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (ref.) |
0.88 (0.64–1.20) |
0.78 (0.57–1.05) |
0.92 (0.67–1.26) |
0.67 (0.49–0.92) |
0.022 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (ref.) |
0.87 (0.63–1.19) |
0.77 (0.56–1.04) |
0.91 (0.66–1.26) |
0.65 (0.47–0.90) |
0.016 |
| Repeated measurements of diet | 1.00 (ref.) |
0.78 (0.57–1.08) |
0.75 (0.54–1.02) |
0.86 (0.63–1.18) |
0.66 (0.48–0.91) |
0.059 |
| uPVG Food Pattern | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | p for trend |
| n | 4130 | 3740 | 3779 | 3040 | 3300 | |
| Deaths/person-years | 138/52,033 | 86/48,611 | 103/49,829 | 69/40,134 | 64/44,259 | |
| Sex and age adjusted | 1.00 (ref.) |
0.82 (0.62–1.09) |
1.18 (0.91–1.52) |
1.17 (0.87–1.59) |
1.22 (0.90–1.67) |
0.068 |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (ref.) |
0.84 (0.64–1.12) |
1.23 (0.94–1.59) |
1.27 (0.93–1.74) |
1.29 (0.92–1.81) |
0.041 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (ref.) |
0.85 (0.64–1.12) |
1.22 (0.94–1.58) |
1.27 (0.92–1.74) |
1.31 (0.94–1.83) |
0.037 |
| Repeated measurements of diet | 1.00 (ref.) |
1.06 (0.81–1.39) |
1.15 (0.88–1.50) |
1.37 (1.00–1.87) |
1.40 (1.00–1.97) |
0.019 |
All the models were stratified by age groups (10-year periods) and recruitment period (5-year periods). Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, BMI (kg/m2, linear and quadratic terms, continuous), marital status (dichotomous) years of university education (five categories), physical activity (continuous), total energy intake (five categories), cumulative smoking habit (packs–years, four categories), smoking status (three categories), alcohol intake (g/d), following a special diet (dichotomous), and snacking (dichotomous). Model 2: additionally, adjusted for prevalent hypertension (dichotomous) and prevalent hypercholesterolemia (dichotomous).