| AC | Alternating current |
| CsI | Cesium iodide |
| C-H | Hydrocarbon group |
| -CH2- | Aliphatic group |
| DSC | Differential scanning calorimetry |
| FIB/FESEM | Focused ion beam/field emission scanning electron microscope |
| FT/IR | Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy |
| Ga+ | Gallium ion |
| H-H2SO4 | High-concentration sulfuric acid electrolyte |
| H2SO4 | Sulfuric acid |
| O-H | Hydroxyl groups |
| SO42− | Sulfate functional group |
| TiO2 | Titanium dioxide |
| T+ | Positive pulse time |
| T− | Negative pulse time |
| Tp | Pause time |
| TGA | Thermogravimetric analyzer |
| UV | Ultraviolet |
| Pt | Platinum |
| 3D | Three-dimensional |
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