| AMS | Acute Mountain Sickness |
| ANOVA | Analysis of Variance |
| ASV | Amplicon Sequence Variant |
| CM-EVs | Camel Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles |
| DAPI | 4’,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| EVs | Extracellular Vesicles |
| ESI | Electrospray Ionization |
| FXR | Farnesoid X Receptor |
| H&E | Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining |
| IACUC | Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee |
| IL-1β | Interleukin-1β |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
| LC-MS | Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry |
| miRNA | MicroRNA |
| mRNA | Messenger RNA |
| MyD88 | Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 |
| NF-κB | Nuclear Factor Kappa B |
| NTA | Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis |
| OPLS-DA | Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis |
| PBS | Phosphate-Buffered Saline |
| PCA | Principal Component Analysis |
| PCoA | Principal Coordinate Analysis |
| qPCR | Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| RNA | Ribonucleic Acid |
| SDS-PAGE | Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis |
| SCFA | Short-Chain Fatty Acids |
| SIMCA-P | Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy |
| SPF | Specific Pathogen-Free |
| TEM | Transmission Electron Microscopy |
| TGF-β | Transforming Growth Factor-Beta |
| TLR4 | Toll-Like Receptor 4 |
| TNF-α | Tumor Necrosis Factor-α |
| ZO-1 | Zonula Occludens-1 |