| PVP | Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) |
| MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| CA | Contrast Agent |
| MIRF | Medical-Industrial Radiation Facility |
| FTIR | Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy |
| XPS | X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy |
| SEM | Scanning Electron Microscope |
| NIST | National Institute of Standards and Technology |
| EDS | Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy |
| DLS | Dynamic Light Scattering |