| GPS | Global Positioning System |
| SNR | Signal to Noise Ratio |
| LOS | Line-of-Sight |
| NLOS | Non-Line-of-Sight |
| OS | Open Sky |
| CS | City street |
| UC | Urban Canyon |
| EKF | Extended Kalman Filter |
| PRN | Pseudo Random Number |
| HK | The new model, named after the first author’s initials |
| RMSE | Root Mean Square Error |