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. 2025 Jul 25;25(15):4618. doi: 10.3390/s25154618
N/n Number
UL Upper Limb
PC Principal Component
PCA Principal Component Analysis
IRB Institutional Review Board
MS Multiple Sclerosis
h Hours
acs Activity Count
DASH Disability of the Shoulder Arm and Hand Scale
MAL-AoU Motor Activity Log–Amount of Use Scale
PROMIS Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Upper Extremity Bank 2.0 via Computer Adaptive Test
ACS Activity Card Sort
EuroQoL European Quality of Life Scale—5 dimensions 3 Levels
CES-D Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale
NIH-NICHD National Institutes of Health: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
WSS Within-Cluster Sum of Squares
MANOVA Multivariate Analysis of Variance
AIC Akaike Information Criterion
IQR Inter-Quartile Range
ADL Activities of Daily Living
Mo Months
SD Standard Deviation
Yrs Years
IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
ProximalULPain Proximal Upper Limb Pain
DistalULFracture Distal Upper Limb Fracture
Excl. Excluding
UE Upper Extremity