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. 2025 Aug 13;12:e74427. doi: 10.2196/74427

Table 5. Reward predictors of leisure activity engagement (leisure vs functional activity engagement)a.

Whole sample (n=1383) Cb (n=365) MDc (n=257) HDd (n=761)
Predictors (t−1) β 95% CI P value β 95% CI P value β 95% CI P value β 95% CI P value
Intercept −.633 −0.943 to −0.323 <.001 −.514 −1.161 to 0.133 .12 −.973 −1.688 to −0.258 .008 −.620 −1.032 to −0.208 .003
Anticipatory pleasure .194 0.069 to 0.319 .003 .426 0.13 to 0.722 .005 .232 −0.105 to 0.569 .18 .129 −0.028 to 0.286 .10
Expectation −.014 −0.022 to −0.006 <.001 −.032 −0.05 to −0.014 .001 −.005 −0.021 to 0.011 .55 −.013 −0.021 to −0.005 .003
Motivation (interest) −.056 −0.176 to 0.064 .35 −.142 −0.422 to 0.138 .32 .006 −0.29 to 0.302 .97 −.079 −0.228 to 0.07 .30
Motivation (prefer) .105 0.023 to 0.187 .011 .165 0.002 to 0.328 .048 .090 −0.116 to 0.296 .39 .087 −0.023 to 0.197 .12
a

Time-lagged predictors of engagement in leisure activities in the whole sample, controls, moderate depression, and high depression groups. Time-lagged logistic regressions, n = number of assessments. Leisure versus functional activity outcomes were coded as 1 and 0, respectively. Controlled for assessment time and mood (negative affect and positive affect). When age and assessment period were added as extra covariates, results remained the same.

b

C: controls.

c

MD: moderate.

d

HD: high.