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. 2025 Jul 31;12:1598991. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1598991

Figure 4.

A series of panels from a scientific study showing Western blot analyses, bar graphs, DNA sequence motifs, and promoter diagrams. Panels A and D display Western blots for proteins including ATF-2 and GAPDH. Panels B, C, E, F, G, I, J, K, L, and O show bar graphs comparing protein and mRNA expression levels under various conditions, with significant differences noted. Panel H shows another Western blot for ZO-1, OCLN, and GAPDH. Panel M features a DNA sequence motif graphic. Panel N illustrates wild-type and mutant promoter diagrams for ZO-1 and OCLN. Statistically significant changes are indicated with asterisks (*, **, ***).

Modulation of ATF-2 phosphorylation and TJ proteins levels by a MAPK inhibitor and ATF-2 overexpression. (A–C) Effects of SCH772984 and α-GML on the protein expression of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated ATF-2 by western blot and quantification. (D–G) Effect of OE-ATF-2 on expression of p-ATF-2 and ATF-2 by western blot and qRT-PCR. (H–L) Effect of OE-ATF-2 on expression of TJ proteins by western blot and qRT-PCR. (M) The motif of ATF-2 transcription factor binding to DNA. (N) The ATF-2 binding site on the ZO-1 and OCLN promoter sequence. (O) The mutant promoter activity of ZO-1 analyzed by Dual-Luciferase reporter assays. Values are shown as means ± SEs, n = 3. ns, p > 0.05, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. the Control group.