Table 3.
Univariate logistic regression analysis of GIB in patients with ischemic stroke
| β | S.E | P | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.574 | 1.01 (0.98-1.03) |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Male | 0.18 | 0.30 | 0.539 | 1.20 (0.67-2.15) |
| BMI | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.621 | 1.03 (0.92-1.14) |
| Education level | ||||
| Primary school | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Middle and high school | -0.18 | 0.32 | 0.569 | 0.83 (0.45-1.56) |
| College | -0.30 | 0.42 | 0.484 | 0.74 (0.32-1.71) |
| GCS score | ||||
| 15 | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| 13-14 | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.442 | 1.30 (0.67-2.52) |
| 9-12 | 0.74 | 0.41 | 0.069 | 2.10 (0.94-4.67) |
| 3-8 | 2.06 | 0.67 | 0.002 | 7.88 (2.12-29.32) |
| NIHSS score | ||||
| 0-1 | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| 2-4 | -0.27 | 0.38 | 0.481 | 0.77 (0.36-1.61) |
| 5-15 | 0.05 | 0.37 | 0.900 | 1.05 (0.51-2.16) |
| 16-42 | 0.79 | 0.58 | 0.175 | 2.20 (0.70-6.88) |
| History of stroke | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Yes | 0.27 | 0.33 | 0.416 | 1.31 (0.68-2.53) |
| History of gastrointestinal disease | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Yes | 1.45 | 0.53 | 0.006 | 4.26 (1.51-12.06) |
| Brain herniation | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Yes | 1.20 | 1.16 | 0.302 | 3.32 (0.34-32.50) |
| Cardiac failure | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Yes | 0.40 | 0.56 | 0.480 | 1.48 (0.50-4.45) |
| Renal dysfunction | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Yes | 0.48 | 0.51 | 0.354 | 1.61 (0.59-4.42) |
| Hepatic cirrhosis | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Yes | 0.23 | 0.54 | 0.668 | 1.26 (0.44-3.62) |
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Yes | -0.37 | 0.33 | 0.254 | 0.69 (0.36-1.31) |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Yes | -0.26 | 0.33 | 0.421 | 0.77 (0.41-1.46) |
| Atrial fibrillation | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Yes | 0.41 | 0.47 | 0.378 | 1.51 (0.61-3.76) |
| Use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents | ||||
| No | 1.00 (Reference) | |||
| Yes | 1.35 | 0.43 | 0.002 | 3.86 (1.65-8.99) |
| PTA | -0.02 | 0.01 | 0.117 | 0.98 (0.96-1.01) |
| PT | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.004 | 1.15 (1.05-1.26) |
| APTT | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.086 | 1.08 (0.99-1.19) |
| FBG | -0.22 | 0.29 | 0.451 | 0.80 (0.45-1.42) |
| ALP | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.165 | 1.01 (1.00-1.03) |
| UA | -0.00 | 0.00 | 0.070 | 1.00 (0.99-1.00) |
| Cr | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.127 | 1.01 (1.00-1.03) |
| LDL | -0.24 | 0.13 | 0.070 | 0.79 (0.60-1.02) |
| HDL | -0.28 | 0.97 | 0.774 | 0.76 (0.11-5.08) |
| TG | -0.34 | 0.28 | 0.216 | 0.71 (0.41-1.22) |
| Hcy | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.087 | 1.03 (1.00-1.07) |
GIB: gastrointestinal bleeding; BMI: body mass index; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; PTA: prothrombin activity; PT: prothrombin time; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; FBG: fibrinogen; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; UA: uric acid; Cr: creatinine; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; TG: triglycerides; Hcy: homocysteine; OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval.