Table 5. Risk of bias (RoB) analysis. Since this review applies stringent inclusion criteria, RoB 1, 3, 7, 9, and 10‐13 are “Yes” for all cells. For clarity reasons, we omitted those columns to better present the RoB analysis.
| Study | RoB 2 | RoB 4 | RoB 5 | RoB 6 | RoB 8 | Overall appraisal score (total is 13) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abedishargh et al [85] | Ya | Y | Y | Y | Y | 13 |
| Alvarez-Jimenez et al [86] | Ub | Y | Nc | Y | Y | 11 |
| Chen et al [87] | Y | N | N | U | U | 9 |
| Duan et al [88] | Y | N | N | U | U | 9 |
| Garbett et al [89] | U | U | U | U | U | 8 |
| Hatamleh et al [90] | U | N | N | U | Y | 9 |
| Hemdi and Daley [91] | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | 12 |
| Jane et al [92] | U | U | U | U | U | 8 |
| Kang and Li [93] | Y | U | U | U | U | 8 |
| Lappalainen et al [94] | U | U | U | U | U | 8 |
| Li et al [95] | N | N | N | N | U | 8 |
| Lu et al [96] | U | N | N | U | Y | 9 |
| Mascarenhas et al [97] | N | N | Y | U | Y | 10 |
| Pavarini et al [98] | Y | U | U | Y | U | 10 |
| Prestin and Nabi [99] | U | U | U | U | U | 8 |
| Xie et al [100] | N | N | N | Y | U | 9 |
| Yu et al [101] | U | Y | U | U | U | 9 |
a
Y: yes.
b
U: unclear.
c
N: no.