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. 2025 Aug 14;20(8):e0330211. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0330211

Fig 13. Examples of 12-hour gap filling in PM2.5 time series (μg/m3) by representative models with varying performance: (a) XGB Seq2Seq, (b) RF Seq2Seq, (c) UniSeq2Seq XGB, (d) XGB Autoreg, (e) Local Imputation Mean, and (f) Simple Imputer Mean.

Fig 13

The blue line shows actual values, while the red line indicates predicted values within the gap.