Table 2.

Odds of reporting pain in the last four weeks at baseline and follow-up

	Pain in the Past 4 Weeks at Baseline	Pain in the Past 4 Weeks at Follow-Up
	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Age	0.98 (0.97 – 1.00)	0.99 (0.97 – 1.02)
Gender
Male	ref	ref
Female	1.33 (1.06 – 1.67)	1.16 (0.90 – 1.51)
Race
White/Caucasian	ref	ref
Black/African American	0.91 (0.66 – 1.24)	0.80 (0.45 – 1.40)
Asian, Pacific Islander, American Indian, or Alaskan Native	0.87 (0.51 – 1.51)	0.52 (0.21 – 1.30)
Ethnicity
Not Hispanic/Latino	ref	ref
Hispanic/Latino	0.71 (0.49 – 1.03)	0.45 (0.23 – 0.90)
Education
Less than high school diploma	ref	ref
High school diploma or equivalent	0.81 (0.59 – 1.11)	0.67 (0.30 – 1.48)
Vocational certificate/some college/associate’s degree	0.95 (0.62 – 1.47)	0.78 (0.38 – 1.60)
Bachelor’s degree or more	0.96 (0.65 – 1.41)	0.68 (0.31 – 1.52)
Employment Status
Not currently working	ref	ref
Currently working	0.80 (0.59 – 1.09)	1.05 (0.77 – 1.44)
Baseline Pain
No pain	--	ref
Pain	--	5.07 (3.92 – 6.57)
Caregiving Status
Non-Caregiver	ref	ref
Caregiver	1.31 (1.01 – 1.70)	1.37 (0.90 – 2.10)

Note. Bolded text signifies significant difference from the reference group.