Table 4.

Odds of reporting pain in the last four weeks and between-group differences in pain intensity at baseline and follow-up

	Pain in the Past 4 Weeks at Baseline		Pain in the Past 4 Weeks at Follow-Up
	Odds Ratio (95% CI)		Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Dementia Caregiving
Non-dementia caregiver	ref		ref
Dementia caregiver	0.88 (0.40 – 1.90)		1.04 (0.44 – 2.47)
Primary Caregiver
Non-primary	ref		ref
Primary	1.02 (0.53 – 1.95)		1.04 (0.45 – 2.37)
Relationship Type
Spouse	ref		ref
Adult-child	1.18 (0.47 – 2.93)		0.56 (0.15 – 2.07)
Other	1.35 (0.67 – 2.68)		1.11 (0.45 – 2.69)
Mental Strain
No strain	ref		ref
Some strain	1.17 (0.62 – 2.21)		1.58 (0.71 – 3.53)
A lot of strain	2.14 (0.43 – 10.56)		1.73 (0.49 – 6.13)
	Pain Intensity at Baseline		Pain Intensity at Follow-Up
	Mean (SE)	Comparison Estimate, p value	Mean (SE)	Comparison Estimate, p value
Dementia Caregiving
Non-dementia caregiver	3.25 (0.09)	ref	3.43 (0.04)	ref
Dementia caregiver	3.18 (0.05)	−0.08 (0.05), p = 0.14	3.08 (0.04)	−0.35 (0.07), p < .0001
Primary Caregiver
Non-primary	3.32 (0.06)	ref	3.32 (0.05)	ref
Primary	3.33 (0.08)	0.01 (0.02), p = 0.63	3.21 (0.09)	−0.11 (0.11), p = 0.32
Relationship Type
Spouse	3.38 (0.07)	ref	3.39 (0.15)	ref
Adult-child	3.02 (0.07)	−0.37 (0.05), p < .0001	2.94 (0.07)	−0.45 (0.21), p = 0.04
Other	3.32 (0.09)	−0.06 (0.07), p = .38	3.32 (0.58)	−0.07 (0.16), p = 0.65
Mental Strain
No strain	3.21 (0.09)	ref	3.17 (0.05)	ref
Some strain	3.40 (0.08)	0.20 (0.03), p < .0001	3.32 (0.08)	0.14 (0.10), p = 0.16
A lot of strain	3.50 (0.07)	0.29 (0.04), p < .0001	3.23 (0.05)	0.06 (0.05), p = 0.26
Hours of care per week	0.01 (0.002), p = .004	--	0.02 (0.004), p = .004	--

Note. Bolded text signifies significant difference from the reference group. Each model ran separately. Covariates for each model are as follows: gender, age, race, ethnicity, education, and employment status. Pain prevalence/intensity at baseline was also included in follow-up models.