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. 2025 Aug 1;12:1607829. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1607829

Table 2.

Complications, interventions and clinical outcomes of included patients.

Parameters Rupture group
(n = 20)
Non-rupture group
(n = 161)
p value
Incidence of complications
Bleeding 11 (55%) 60 (37.3%) 0.126
Gastrointestinal fistula 6 (30%) 46 (28.6%) 0.894
Sepsis 18 (90%) 56 (34.8%) <0.001
New onset RF 4 (20%) 28 (17.4%) 0.773
New onset CF 17 (85%) 45 (28.0%) <0.001
New onset PF 6 (30%) 49 (30.4%) 0.968
Gastrointestinal obstruction 6 (30%) 16 (9.9%) 0.01
Interventions
Interval from AP onset to first intervention 18.0 (10) 23.0 (19) 0.157
PCD 19 (95%) 160 (99.4%) 0.209
PCD times 3 (2) 3 (2) 0.594
VARD 10 (50%) 101 (62.7%) 0.270
VARD times 0 (3) 1 (3) 0.179
Open necrosectomy 10 (50%) 30 (18.6%) 0.001
Clinical outcomes
Mortality 7 (35%) 48 (29.8%) 0.634
Length of hospital stay 40.5 (42) 31 (32) 0.007
Length of ICU stay 25 (29) 20 (21) 0.069
Total costs (RMB, thousand) 350.2 (352.3) 241.7 (283.5) 0.003

RF, renal failure; CF, cardiovascular failure; PF, pulmonary failure; AP, acute pancreatitis; PCD, percutaneous catheter drainage; VARD, videoscopic-assisted retroperitoneal debridement; ICU, intensive care unit.