Table 1.
Characteristics of participants by VAI quartile.
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 5,637) | Q1 (n = 1,410) | Q2 (n = 1,409) | Q3 (n = 1,409) | Q4 (n = 1,409) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, n (%) | 0.005 | |||||
| 45–59 | 2,966 (52.6) | 684 (48.5) | 753 (53.4) | 762 (54.1) | 767 (54.4) | |
| ≥60 | 2,671 (47.4) | 726 (51.5) | 656 (46.6) | 647 (45.9) | 642 (45.6) | |
| Sex, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Male | 3,008 (53.4) | 1,035 (73.4) | 800 (56.8) | 643 (45.6) | 530 (37.6) | |
| Female | 2,629 (46.6) | 375 (26.6) | 609 (43.2) | 766 (54.4) | 879 (62.4) | |
| Education, n (%) | 0.434 | |||||
| Elementary school or below | 3,411 (60.5) | 852 (60.4) | 843 (59.8) | 851 (60.4) | 865 (61.4) | |
| Secondary school | 2,122 (37.6) | 534 (37.9) | 531 (37.7) | 539 (38.3) | 518 (36.8) | |
| College and above | 104 (1.8) | 24 (1.7) | 35 (2.5) | 19 (1.3) | 26 (1.8) | |
| Residence, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| Rural | 4,437 (78.7) | 1,157 (82.1) | 1,128 (80.1) | 1,108 (78.6) | 1,044 (74.1) | |
| City | 1,200 (21.3) | 253 (17.9) | 281 (19.9) | 301 (21.4) | 365 (25.9) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.536 | |||||
| No | 523 (9.3) | 131 (9.3) | 118 (8.4) | 140 (9.9) | 134 (9.5) | |
| Yes | 5,114 (90.7) | 1,279 (90.7) | 1,291 (91.6) | 1,269 (90.1) | 1,275 (90.5) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3,216 (57.1) | 610 (43.3) | 769 (54.6) | 897 (63.7) | 940 (66.7) | |
| Yes | 2,421 (42.9) | 800 (56.7) | 640 (45.4) | 512 (36.3) | 469 (33.3) | |
| Drinking, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 3,550 (63.0) | 686 (48.7) | 872 (61.9) | 974 (69.1) | 1,018 (72.2) | |
| Yes | 2,087 (37.0) | 724 (51.3) | 537 (38.1) | 435 (30.9) | 391 (27.8) | |
| Cognitive score, mean (SD) | 16.90 (3.86) | 16.71 (3.83) | 16.85 (3.89) | 16.87 (3.82) | 17.19 (3.91) | 0.009 |
SD, standard deviation.