. 2025 Jul 31;27:e66389. doi: 10.2196/66389

Table 4.

Primary and secondary outcome measures during 3 time points by study group—intention-to-treat analysis.

Outcome			Waiting-list group, mean (SD)						Intervention group, mean (SD)
			T0		T1		T2		T0		T1		T2
Primary outcome
	Leakages per week	3.81 (3.03)^a		3.24 (2.62)^b		2.71 (2.34)^a		3.78 (2.67)^c		3.95 (2.83)^d		3.83 (2.81)^d
Secondary outcomes: continence care
	Incontinence material changes per week	20.94 (6.29)^a		19.46 (6.73)^b		18.14 (5.59)^a		20.29 (4.28)^c		16.36 (4.48)^d		15.71 (4.88)^d
	Duration (min) per incontinence material change	15.60 (5.63)^a		15.63 (6.65)^b		14.56 (6.66)^a		12.12 (7.70)^c		13.10 (7.82)^d		12.19 (7.72)^d
	Duration (min) for continence care per week	318.36 (127.61)^a		292.60 (125.30)^b		257.60 (130.22)^a		238.15 (146.31)^c		208.74 (138.81)^d		185.52 (117.55)^d
Secondary outcomes: quality of life
	Subjective well-being (MIPQ^e)	47.64 (12.18)^f		N/A^g		48.39 (12.25)^h		50.16, (11.69)ⁱ		N/A		47.98 (11.22)^j
	Objective well-being (QOL-PMD^k)	54.84 (13.91)^l		N/A		53.25 (10.55)^m		56.08 (14.33)ⁿ		N/A		54.33 (12.68)^o

^an=73.

^bn=59.

^cn=82.

^dn=80.

^eMIPQ: Mood, Interest and Pleasure Questionnaire; scores ranging from 0 to 88, with higher scores indicating better subjective well-being.

^fn=57.

^gN/A: not applicable.

^hn=54.

ⁱn=78.

^jn=67.

^kQOL-PMD: Quality of Life of Persons with Profound Multiple Disabilities, score ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better objective quality of life.

^ln=38.

^mn=21.

ⁿn=49.

^on=55.