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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 16.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Prev Med. 2022 Aug 23;63(5):669–680. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.06.013

Table 2.

Adjusted Results of Interaction Model on E-Cigarette Use Status by Sexual Orientation and Ethnicity, Stratified by Sex

Boys
Girls
Experiment
Current
Experiment
Current
aRRR (95% CI) p-value aRRR (95% CI) p-value aRRR (95% CI) p-value aRRR (95% CI) p-value

Sexual orientation
 Heterosexual ref ref ref ref
 Gay or lesbian 1.45 (0.85, 2.47) 0.173 0.68 (0.31, 1.52) 0.349 0.90 (0.55, 1.45) 0.657 0.79 (0.45, 1.39) 0.405
 Bisexual 0.78 (0.51, 1.20) 0.261 0.43 (0.23, 0.78) 0.006 1.19 (0.96, 1.48) 0.112 0.77 (0.57, 1.04) 0.085
 Unsure 0.54 (0.31, 0.95) 0.033 0.34 (0.15, 0.75) 0.008 0.85 (0.57, 1.25) 0.401 0.55 (0.37, 0.84) 0.005
Hispanic
 No ref ref ref ref
 Yes 1.27 (1.06, 1.53) 0.010 0.90 (0.73, 1.12) 0.350 1.27 (1.05, 1.54) 0.014 0.84 (0.62, 1.14) 0.261
Sexual orientationa Hispanic
 Heterosexuala non-Hispanic ref ref ref ref
 Gay/lesbiana Hispanic 0.42 (0.12, 1.41) 0.158 0.96 (0.19, 4.74) 0.958 0.63 (0.18, 2.14) 0.454 1.13 (0.28, 4.47) 0.863
 Bisexuala Hispanic 2.60 (0.72, 9.44) 0.145 2.02 (0.73, 5.59) 0.175 0.85 (0.54, 1.34) 0.478 1.30 (0.70, 2.39) 0.399
 Unsurea Hispanic 0.97 (0.36, 2.60) 0.945 1.08 (0.32, 3.61) 0.905 1.23 (0.55, 2.75) 0.619 2.30 (0.84, 6.27) 0.102
Survey year
 2015 ref ref ref ref
 2017 1.05 (0.81, 1.35) 0.730 0.56 (0.37, 0.86) 0.009 0.88 (0.70, 1.09) 0.235 0.28 (0.20, 0.38) <0.001
 2019 1.12 (0.88, 1.43) 0.361 2.97 (2.13, 4.15) <0.001 1.04 (0.82, 1.32) 0.731 3.05 (2.32, 4.02) <0.001
Age, years
 12–15 ref ref ref ref
 16–18 or older 1.31 (1.12, 1.53) 0.001 1.34 (1.14, 1.58) 0.001 1.49 (1.30, 1.71) <0.001 1.26 (1.04, 1.52) 0.021
Race
 White only ref ref ref ref
 Black only 1.12 (0.88, 1.43) 0.359 0.55 (0.40, 0.76) <0.001 0.82 (0.64, 1.05) 0.120 0.45 (0.33, 0.61) <0.001
 Other races/>1 race 1.13 (0.89, 1.44) 0.300 0.90 (0.71, 1.14) 0.368 0.93 (0.77, 1.11) 0.406 0.71 (0.55, 0.91) 0.007
Past 12-month externalizing
 No ref ref ref ref
 Yes 1.20 (0.97, 1.49) 0.092 1.64 (1.39, 1.94) <0.001 1.18 (0.96, 1.45) 0.115 1.42 (1.15, 1.76) 0.001
Past 12-month internalizing
 No ref ref ref ref
 Yes 1.21 (1.00, 1.47) 0.045 1.09 (0.91, 1.30) 0.352 1.45 (1.27, 1.66) <0.001 1.75 (1.46, 2.10) <0.001
Past 12-month any bully
 None ref ref ref ref
 Any 0.87 0.210 1.11 0.370 1.08 0.316 1.29 0.010
(0.70, 1.08) (0.89, 1.38) (0.93, 1.27) (1.06, 1.56)
Current cigarette
 No ref ref ref ref
 Yes 1.92 (1.27, 2.90) 0.002 3.56 (2.22, 5.69) <0.001 1.97 (1.33, 2.93) 0.001 5.82 (3.93, 8.62) <0.001
Current other tobacco
 No ref ref ref ref
 Yes 3.20 <0.001 7.46 <0.001 1.95 0.018 2.89 <0.001
(2.28, 4.50) (5.09, 10.94) (1.12, 3.39) (1.61, 5.18)
Current alcohol
 No ref ref ref ref
 Yes 2.08 (1.71, 2.53) <0.001 4.73 (3.65, 6.15) <0.001 2.30 (1.94, 2.73) <0.001 7.37 (6.31, 8.62) <0.001
Current cannabis
 No ref ref ref ref
 Yes 3.15 (2.39, 4.15) <0.001 8.32 (6.08, 11.38) <0.001 3.43 (2.74, 4.30) <0.001 7.83 (5.86, 10.45) <0.001
Ever any illicit drug
 No ref ref ref ref
 Yes 2.13 (1.71, 2.65) <0.001 2.02 (1.60, 2.55) <0.001 1.95 (1.61, 2.37) <0.001 1.95 (1.57, 2.42) <0.001

Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).

a

Main effects and interaction effects are simultaneously tested in each model.

aRRR, adjusted RRR.