Table 3.
Association of individual components of physical frailty with risk of incident degenerative AS and AS-related events.
| Physical frailty components | HR (95% CI) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 a | Model 2 b | Model 3 c | |
| AS | |||
| Weight loss | 1.38 (1.29−1.47) | 1.29 (1.21−1.38) | 1.30 (1.21−1.39) |
| Exhaustion | 1.54 (1.43−1.66) | 1.22 (1.13−1.32) | 1.16 (1.07−1.25) |
| Low physical activity | 1.46 (1.35−1.58) | 1.12 (1.04−1.21) | 1.04 (0.96−1.12) |
| Slow gait speed | 2.19 (2.04−2.35) | 1.37 (1.27−1.47) | 1.30 (1.21−1.41) |
| Low grip strength | 1.46 (1.39−1.55) | 1.20 (1.14−1.27) | 1.18 (1.11−1.25) |
| AS-related events | |||
| Weight loss | 1.28 (1.15−1.43) | 1.22 (1.09−1.35) | 1.22 (1.10−1.36) |
| Exhaustion | 1.39 (1.23−1.57) | 1.14 (1.01−1.29) | 1.10 (0.97−1.24) |
| Low physical activity | 1.44 (1.28−1.62) | 1.15 (1.02−1.30) | 1.10 (0.97−1.24) |
| Slow gait speed | 1.85 (1.65−2.07) | 1.23 (1.09−1.39) | 1.16 (1.02−1.31) |
| Low grip strength | 1.46 (1.34−1.58) | 1.24 (1.14−1.35) | 1.23 (1.12−1.34) |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; AS, aortic valve stenosis.
Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, race, UK Biobank assessment center, Townsend deprivation index, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, healthy diet score, and sleep duration.
Model 2 included model 1 plus body mass index, systolic blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, estimated glomerular filtration rate, C-reactive protein, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, osteoporosis, chronic inflammatory disease, antihypertensive medication, antidiabetic medication, lipid-lowering medication, and antiplatelet medication.
Model 3 included model 2 plus five frailty components (mutual adjustment).