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. 2025 Jun 20;5(4):353–368. doi: 10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00021

5. Pore Size and Roughness Analysis Results of 15 wt.% PVDF/LiCl Electrospun Nanofiber Membrane (ENM15*), Heat-Treated (HT, 150 °C for 6 h, 70 Pa) and Hot-Pressed at 10 MPa and Different Temperatures (tHP = 6 min; Rq: Root Mean Square Roughness).

  Pore size (μm)
  Roughness (nm)
THP (°C) Min. Max. Mode Mode freq (%) Rq
HT 0.71 2.85 2.37 24 N/A
25 °C 0.71 2.38 0.79 58 400 ± 100
60 °C 0.19 0.89 0.40 67 360 ± 90
80 °C 0.12 0.67 0.40 79 280 ± 30
120 °C <d.l. 0.19     250 ± 90