Fig. 1.

a Inset map of Africa showing the location of Zimbabwe, b inset map of Zimbabwe indicating the position of Chipinge district and Save Valley Conservancy and c enlarged map of Chipinge district showing traditional healer sampling sites, ward boundaries (blue numbers indicate ward designations) and two conservation areas. In Zimbabwe, a ward is the smallest administrative and political unit, typically comprising several villages or urban neighborhoods and functions under a Rural District Council (RDC) in rural areas or an Urban Council in towns and cities