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. 2025 Aug 15;16:7590. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-62800-z

Table 2.

The proportion of participants with simultaneous positive responses to ≥2 cytokines

LZ901 group n/N (%) HZ/su group n/N(%) Difference % (95% CI) (LZ901 vs. HZ/su) p value
The proportion of CD42+ T-cell responders
 All age 117/141 (83.0) 79/136 (58.1) 24.9 (14.5,35.3) <0.0001
 50–59 years 57/73 (78.1) 42/73 (57.5) 20.6 (5.8,34.5) <0.0001
 60–69 years 47/52 (90.4) 29/50 (58.0) 32.4 (12.6,52.2) <0.0001
 ≥70 years 13/16 (81.3) 8/13 (61.5) 32.6 (−12.9,52.3) 0.03719
The proportion of CD82+ T-cell responders
All age 66/141 (46.8) 12/136 (8.8) 38.0 (28.5,47.5) <0.0001
50–59 years 36/73 (49.3) 4/73 (5.5) 43.8 (31.2,56.5) <0.0001
60–69 years 22/52 (42.3) 6/50 (12.0) 30.3 (14.1,46.5) <0.0001
≥70 years 8/16 (50.0) 2/13 (15.4) 34.6 (3.2,66.0) 0.00267

N = the number of participants included in the analysis; n = the number of participants with simultaneous positive responses to ≥2 cytokines (referred to as gE-specific CD42+/CD82+ T-cell responses; For each cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α, or CD40L), a positive responder was defined as a 2-fold increase in cytokine-secreting T cells post-vaccination compared to pre-vaccination levels. In HZ/su group, there was one sample from each of 50–59 years and 60–69 years group that could not be tested due to insufficient cell quantity; 95% CIs of the rate difference were calculated using the Miettinen and Nurminen method, two-sided χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparisons between two groups.