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. 2025 Aug 16;25:1078. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-07119-z

Table 2.

Coding genes of the H. chinensis mitochondrial genome

Group of genes Name of genes
ATP synthase atp1, atp4, atp6, atp8, atp9
NADH dehydrogenase nad1, nad2, nad3, nad4, nad4L, nad5, nad6, nad7, nad9
Cytochrome b cob
Cytochrome c biogenesis ccmB, ccmC, ccmFC, ccmFN
Cytochrome c oxidase cox1, cox2, cox3
Maturases matR
Protein transport subunit mttB
Ribosomal protein large subunit rpl2, rpl5, rpl10, rpl16
Ribosomal protein small subunit rps1, rps3, rps4, rps7, rps10, rps12, rps13, rps14, rps19 (×2)
Succinate dehydrogenase sdh4
Ribosome RNA rrn5, rrn18, rrn26
Transfer RNA trnA-UGC, trnC-GCA(×2), trnD-GUC, trnE-UUC, trnF-GAA (×2), trnfM-CAU (×2), trnG-GCC, trnH-GUG, trnI-AAU (×2), trnI-CAU, trnK-UUU (×4), trnL-CAA, trnM-CAU, trnN-GUU (×2), trnP-UGG (×2), trnQ-UUG, trnR-ACG, trnS-GCU, trnV-GAC, trnW-CCA, trnY-GUA (×2)

The numbers in parentheses represent the copy number of the gene, such as (×2) indicating two copies