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. 2025 Aug 12;19:2709–2718. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S541618

Table 1.

Comparison of Baseline Characteristics by Baseline Cataract Status (n = 535 Patients, 1070 Eyes)

Patient characteristics Cataract Status (1070 Eyes) P-value
No History
(n = 646 eyes)
On-going
(n = 244 eyes)
Pseudophakic/Aphakic
(n= 180 eyes)
Age (years): Mean (SD) 52.0 (12.5) 64.8 (7.2) 70.2 (8.0) <0.0001
Race: n (%) <0.0001
 White 445 (68.9%) 203 (83.2%) 148 (82.2%)
 Black 78 (12.1%) 28 (11.5%) 22 (12.2%)
 Asian 30 (4.6%) 4 (1.6%) 4 (2.2%)
 Other 15 (2.4%) 5 (2.0%) 4 (2.2%)
 Unable to answer 78 (12.1%) 4 (1.6%) 2 (1.1%)
Ethnicity: Hispanic or Latino: n (%) 116 (18.0%) 13 (5.3%) 7 (3.9%) <0.0001
Gender: Female: n (%) 507 (78.5%) 210 (86.1%) 151 (83.9%) 0.07
Cigarette smoking 0.03
 Never 461 (71.4%) 160 (65.6%) 113 (62.8%)
 Former 148 (22.9%) 73 (29.9%) 63 (35.0%)
 Current 37 (5.7%) 11 (4.5%) 4 (2.2%)
Rosacea (facial): n (%) 112 (17.3%) 62 (25.4%) 44 (24.4%) 0.045
Sjögren’s syndrome met 2012ACR criteria: n (%) 58 (9.0%) 25 (10.2%) 21 (11.7%) 0.61
Self-reported Peripheral vascular disease: n (%) 45 (7.0%) 13 (5.3%) 18 (10.0%) 0.85
Self-reported Thyroid dysfunction: n (%) 101 (15.6%) 42 (17.2%) 45 (25.0%) 0.15
Self-reported Hypertension: n (%) 124 (19.2%) 92 (37.7%) 82 (45.6%) <0.0001
Self-reported Diabetes: n (%) 48 (7.4%) 43 (17.6%) 23 (12.8%) 0.04
Self-reported Rheumatoid arthritis: n (%) 57 (8.8%) 21 (8.6%) 16 (8.9%) 0.37
Self-reported Irritable Bowel: n (%) 56 (8.7%) 20 (8.2%) 12 (6.7%) 0.83
Self-reported Osteoarthritis: n (%) 108 (16.7%) 78 (32.0%) 82 (45.6%) <0.0001
Self-reported Hypercholesterolemia: n (%) 143 (22.1%) 109 (44.7%) 90 (50.0%) <0.0001
Depression*: n (%) 108 (16.7%) 30 (12.3%) 30 (16.7%) 0.58

Notes: *Defined as mental component score ≤42. Bold values indicate statistical significance (P<0.05).