Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of participants by childhood health and childhood SES, showing mean (SD), frequency (%) and significance values of Kruskal-Wallis and χ² tests.

Characteristics	Healthy N=5891	Unhealthy N=802	P value	Non-poor SES N=762	Poor SES N=5931	P value
Age, mean (SD)	59.95±8.14	59.36±7.78	0.0832	57.40±6.87	60.20±8.19	0.001
Sex, frequency (%)			0.012			0.039
Female	2733 (46.39)	410 (51.12)		331 (43.44)	2812 (47.41)
Male	3158 (53.61)	392 (48.88)		431 (56.56)	3119 (52.59)
Marital status, frequency (%)			0.218			<0.001
Single	61 (1.04)	9 (1.12)		19 (2.49)	51 (0.86)
Married	4391 (74.54)	617 (76.93)		577 (75.72)	4431 (74.71)
Separated	216 (3.67)	34 (4.24)		30 (3.94)	220 (3.71)
Widower	1223 (20.76)	142 (17.71)		136 (17.85)	1229 (20.72)
Education, frequency (%)			<0.001			<0.001
Primary and lower	3981 (67.69)	602 (75.25)		209 (27.50)	4374 (73.87)
Secondary	1421 (24.16)	151 (18.88)		371 (48.82)	1201 (20.28)
College and higher	479 (8.14)	47 (5.88)		180 (23.68)	346 (5.84)
Employment, frequency (%)			0.01			<0.001
No	1913 (32.47)	224 (27.93)		299 (39.24)	1838 (30.99)
Yes	3978 (67.53)	578 (72.07)		463 (60.76)	4093 (69.01)
Wealth quintile, frequency (%)			0.229			<0.001
Poorest	1171 (21.47)	182 (24.33)		65 (9.75)	1288 (23.27)
Poor	1066 (19.55)	144 (19.25)		87 (13.04)	1123 (20.29)
Average	1014 (18.59)	148 (19.79)		102 (15.29)	1060 (19.15)
Rich	1078 (19.77)	139 (18.58)		137 (20.54)	1080 (19.51)
Richest	1125 (20.63)	135 (18.05)		276 (41.38)	984 (17.78)
Social capital, mean (SD)	2.22±1.95	2.26±2.01	0.9079	2.39±2.15	2.21±1.93	<0.001
Smoking, frequency (%)			0.001			0.015
Smoker	1872 (31.78)	295 (36.78)		212 (27.82)	1955 (32.96)
Past smoker	546 (9.27)	88 (10.97)		73 (9.58)	561 (9.46)
Non-smoker	3473 (58.95)	419 (52.24)		477 (62.60)	3415 (57.58)
Chronic diseases, mean (SD)	0.41±0.66	0.45±0.68	0.1154	0.51±0.73	0.40±0.65	<0.001
Depression, mean (SD)	15.48±4.57	16.87±5.29	0.001	15.07±4.25	15.72±4.73	<0.001

SES, socioeconomic status.