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. 2025 Aug 18;27:e64922. doi: 10.2196/64922

Table 3. Results of the ordered logit mixed models (source: own calculations).

Variables Climb up stairs and carry something (n=620) Lift and carry groceries (n=626) Walk 1 km (n=642) Stretch to the toes (n=645)
ORa (95% CI) P value OR (95% CI) P value 95% CI P value 95% CI P value
Treatment effect 2.67 (1.37 to 5.18) .004 1.99 (1.02 to 3.89) .04 1.91 (0.85 to 4.30) .12 1.31 (0.62 to 2.76) .48
Intervention period (reference preintervention)
 Postintervention 1.98 (0.98 to 3.96) .06 1.12 (0.52 to 2.44) .77 1.31 (0.59 to 2.91) .51 0.98 (0.42 to 2.28) .97
Group (reference control group)
 Intervention group 1.06 (0.50 to 2.25) .88 1.39 (0.67 to 2.87) .38 0.53 (0.66 to 3.57) .32 0.73 (0.29 to 1.88) .52
Time 0.63 (0.42 to 0.94) .02 0.82 (0.54 to 1.25) .36 0.75 (0.47 to 1.18) .22 0.94 (0.59 to 1.52) .81
Health 6.49 (3.04 to 13.85) <.001 5.52 (3.08 to 9.87) <.001 10.57 (5.05 to 22.11) <.001 5.94 (2.69 to 13.33) <.001
Age 0.83 (0.66 to 1.04) .10 0.75 (0.61 to 0.92) .006 0.69 (0.54 to 0.88) .003 0.97 (0.75 to 1.25) .80
Sex (reference male)
 Female 0.36 (0.10 to 1.33) .12 0.29 (0.09 to 0.95) .04 0.27 (0.07 to 1.07) .06 17.16 (3.58 to 82.14) <.001
Education (reference lower secondary)
 Upper secondary 2.28 (0.68 to 7.66) .18 2.42 (0.73 to 7.98) .15 2.21 (0.56 to 8.79) .26 2.07 (0.46 to 9.44) .35
 Post-secondary 3.00 (0.92 to 9.81) .07 2.59 (0.80 to 8.39) .11 2.71 (0.80 to 9.18) .11 1.71 (0.42 to 6.99) .46
 Short-cycle tertiary 1.21 (0.38 to 3.90) .75 1.84 (0.50 to 6.80) .36 1.92 (0.44 to 8.47) .39 0.61 (0.09 to 4.16) .62
 Bachelor’s degree or higher 4.35 (1.40 to 13.50) .01 2.65 (0.85 to 8.25) .09 6.09 (1.74 to 21.23) .005 1.60 (0.39 to 6.59) .52
Physically active (reference never)
 Less than once a week 1.84 (0.42 to 8.07) .42 1.10 (0.31 to 3.91) .89 1.71 (0.42 to 7.03) .46 0.51 (0.09 to 2.91) .45
 1‐2 times a week 3.77 (1.03 to 13.77) .04 0.74 (0.29 to 1.88) .53 5.47 (1.61 to 18.66) .007 1.94 (0.45 to 8.36) .37
 3‐4 times a week 4.87 (1.07 to 22.09) .04 1.65 (0.50 to 5.43) .41 15.57 (3.44 to 70.49) <.001 3.40 (0.70 to 16.50) .13
Region (reference Vienna)
 Salzburg 2.39 (1.03 to 5.32) .03 0.95 (0.47 to 1.96) .90 0.74 (0.31 to 1.75) .49 1.07 (0.39 to 2.92) .90
Household size 1.28 (0.76 to 2.17) .35 1.00 (0.64 to 1.58) .99 0.47 (0.27 to 0.83) .01 0.72 (0.37 to 1.42) .34
Random intercept 5.74 (1.07 to 5.32) b 4.58 (3.14 to 6.68)  — 10.62 (6.94 to 16.28)  — 6.17 (3.89 to 9.78)
Cutpoint 1 −8.75 (−24.77 to 7.27) −16.69 (−31.37 to −2.01) 1.21 (−17.22 to 19.64) (−38.66 to
−4.47)
Cutpoint 2 −6.77 (−22.75 to 9.22) −14.81 (−29.46 to −0.16) 3.08 (−15.36 to 21.52) −19.69 (−36.76 to
−2.63)
Cutpoint 3 −4.76 (−20.74 to 11.23) −11.56 (−26.17 to 3.06) 6.1 (−12.38 to 24.59) −16.89 (−33.9 to 0.12)
Cutpoint 4 −1.05 (−17.04 to 14.95)
a

OR: odds ratio.

b

Not applicable.