Table 2.
Log-binomial regressions for associations between clinical characteristics and the number of MH among PD patients
| No. of MHa | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 vs 0 | 2 vs 0 | 3 vs 0 | ||||
| RR (95% CI) | p value | RR (95% CI) | p value | RR (95% CI) | p value | |
| HAMA | 1.25 (0.99, 1.58) | 0.055 | 1.49 (1.01, 2.21) | 0.046 | 2.59 (1.33, 5.02) | 0.005 |
| HAMD | 1.09 (0.86, 1.38) | 0.485 | 1.08 (0.74, 1.58) | 0.678 | 2.09 (1.17, 3.73) | 0.013 |
| PDSS | 0.82 (0.66, 1.01) | 0.061 | 0.71 (0.48, 1.05) | 0.088 | 0.56 (0.34, 0.91) | 0.019 |
| PISQ | 0.91 (0.71, 1.16) | 0.461 | 1.04 (0.66, 1.61) | 0.879 | 1.74 (0.71, 4.21) | 0.223 |
| RBDSQ | 1.37 (1.11, 1.68) | 0.004 | 1.43 (0.90, 2.27) | 0.130 | 4.20 (2.35, 7.52) | <0.001 |
| MMSE | 1.65 (1.12, 2.42) | 0.011 | 1.48 (0.58, 3.77) | 0.408 | 1.83 (0.84, 3.97) | 0.127 |
| MoCA | 1.55 (1.05, 2.28) | 0.028 | 1.38 (0.53, 3.55) | 0.509 | 2.37 (0.59, 9.54) | 0.225 |
| NMSQ | 1.58 (1.23, 2.03) | <0.001 | 2.52 (1.52, 4.16) | <0.001 | 6.59 (1.67, 26.01) | 0.007 |
| PDQ39 | 1.40 (1.06, 1.86) | 0.020 | 1.59 (0.94, 2.70) | 0.085 | 3.47 (1.11, 10.84) | 0.033 |
All clinical characteristics were standardized as z scores for analyses.
All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, education, duration, levodopa equivalent daily dose, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III score and Hoehn and Yahr stage.
MH minor hallucinations, RR relative risk, CI confidence interval, HAMA Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, HAMD Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, PDSS PD Sleep Scale, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, RBDSQ Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, NMSQ Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire, PDQ39 Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39.
aIndividuals who had no MH were used as the referent group for the outcome.
Bold value indicates statistical significance at a two-tailed p value of 0.05.