Table 1.

The study population's baseline characteristics

Baseline characteristics	VD group (n = 60)	Control group (n = 60)	P value
Mean age/(years)	65.4 ± 8.3	64.7 ± 7.9	-
Sex distribution	53.3% male, 46.7% female	55.0% male, 45.0% female	-
Duration of diabetes (years)	12.1 ± 5.6	11.8 ± 5.2	-
Ulcer size (cm²)	5.6 ± 2.1	5.4 ± 2.3	0.62
Ulcer severity	Moderate to severe	Moderate to severe	-
Baseline serum 25-(OH)D levels	16.5 ± 4.8 ng/mL	17.1 ± 5.0 ng/mL	0.47
HbA1c (%)	8.5 ± 1.2	8.6 ± 1.3	0.74
Other factors (BP, BMI)	Comparable across both groups	Comparable across both groups	-

Categorical variables are represented as percentages, while continuous variables are represented as mean ± SD. No significant differences were found between the vitamin D and control groups for any baseline characteristics (P > 0.05), ensuring comparability between groups. VD: Vitamin D; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobulin A1c; BMI: Body mass index; BP: Blood pressure.