Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants stratified by CKM syndrome stage
| Characteristic | Stage 0 (n = 249) | Stage 1 (n = 669) | Stage 2 (n = 1626) | Stage 3 (n = 3238) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 54.00 [48.00, 59.00] | 54.00 [48.00, 58.00] | 55.00 [49.00, 60.00] | 60.00 [54.00, 68.00] | < 0.001 |
| CVAI | 50.48 [38.29, 64.41] | 79.50 [62.65, 95.07] | 98.32 [78.23, 121.02] | 95.03 [64.60, 130.71] | < 0.001 |
| CTI | 7.93 [7.59, 8.28] | 8.20 [7.86, 8.56] | 8.81 [8.32, 9.31] | 8.68 [8.16, 9.29] | < 0.001 |
| BMI | 20.37 [18.89, 21.38] | 23.25 [21.42, 25.03] | 24.09 [22.00, 26.58] | 22.83 [20.53, 25.50] | < 0.001 |
| WHTR | 0.48 [0.46, 0.50] | 0.54 [0.50, 0.57] | 0.56 [0.52, 0.60] | 0.52 [0.48, 0.58] | < 0.001 |
| ABSI | 0.08 [0.08, 0.08] | 0.08 [0.08, 0.09] | 0.08 [0.08, 0.09] | 0.08 [0.08, 0.09] | < 0.001 |
| BRI | 2.96 [2.56, 3.36] | 4.12 [3.43, 4.87] | 4.48 [3.66, 5.44] | 3.80 [3.02, 4.91] | < 0.001 |
| CI | 6.93 [6.73, 7.22] | 7.32 [6.95, 7.62] | 7.41 [7.09, 7.72] | 7.35 [7.03, 7.69] | < 0.001 |
| TyG | 8.13 [7.87, 8.41] | 8.31 [8.06, 8.54] | 8.80 [8.41, 9.14] | 8.58 [8.19, 9.05] | < 0.001 |
| TyG-BMI | 164.03 [152.15, 175.04] | 192.34 [175.65, 209.19] | 211.24 [189.71, 238.17] | 196.16 [172.12, 227.00] | < 0.001 |
| TyG-WC | 598.04 [557.58, 632.44] | 687.21 [639.73, 733.32] | 750.96 [680.97, 829.35] | 727.42 [648.88, 822.70] | < 0.001 |
| TyG-WHtR | 3.85 [3.64, 4.10] | 4.47 [4.13, 4.77] | 4.88 [4.44, 5.35] | 4.51 [4.00, 5.12] | < 0.001 |
| VAI | 2.23 [1.52, 3.14] | 2.64 [1.92, 3.64] | 5.06 [3.02, 7.98] | 2.94 [1.72, 5.31] | < 0.001 |
| LAP | 12.00 [7.93, 17.56] | 22.19 [15.40, 30.24] | 38.58 [23.39, 60.51] | 23.52 [11.90, 44.31] | < 0.001 |
| AIP | 0.11 [-0.04, 0.25] | 0.16 [0.01, 0.28] | 0.43 [0.21, 0.62] | 0.32 [0.11, 0.55] | < 0.001 |
| RC | 0.30 [0.18, 0.46] | 0.34 [0.21, 0.51] | 0.63 [0.37, 0.93] | 0.50 [0.29, 0.83] | < 0.001 |
| NHDL | 17.56 [-5.21, 41.78] | 24.14 [2.03, 48.70] | 81.10 [34.71, 133.08] | 51.26 [15.64, 105.59] | < 0.001 |
| Cr | 0.66 [0.60, 0.75] | 0.68 [0.60, 0.76] | 0.68 [0.61, 0.77] | 0.82 [0.71, 0.94] | < 0.001 |
| CRP | 0.52 [0.37, 1.01] | 0.71 [0.46, 1.43] | 0.97 [0.54, 1.94] | 1.09 [0.58, 2.29] | < 0.001 |
| Gender | < 0.001 | ||||
| Female | 219 (88.0) | 609 (91.0) | 1530 (94.1) | 746 (23.0) | |
| Male | 30 (12.0) | 60 (9.0) | 96 (5.9) | 2492 (77.0) | |
| Education | 0.085 | ||||
| Less than lower secondary | 220 (88.4) | 619 (92.5) | 1469 (90.3) | 2898 (89.5) | |
| Secondary or above | 29 (11.6) | 50 (7.5) | 157 (9.7) | 340 (10.5) | |
| Marital Status | < 0.001 | ||||
| Married | 231 (92.8) | 614 (91.8) | 1495 (91.9) | 2844 (87.8) | |
| Non-married | 18 (7.2) | 55 (8.2) | 131 (8.1) | 394 (12.2) | |
| Residence | 0.067 | ||||
| Rural | 183 (73.5) | 450 (67.3) | 1058 (65.1) | 2158 (66.6) | |
| Urban | 66 (26.5) | 219 (32.7) | 568 (34.9) | 1080 (33.4) | |
| Smoking | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 243 (97.6) | 645 (96.4) | 1529 (94.0) | 1121 (34.6) | |
| Yes | 6 (2.4) | 24 (3.6) | 97 (6.0) | 2117 (65.4) | |
| Drinking | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 206 (82.7) | 541 (80.9) | 1342 (82.5) | 1414 (43.7) | |
| Yes | 43 (17.3) | 128 (19.1) | 284 (17.5) | 1824 (56.3) | |
| Hypertension | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 249 (100.0) | 669 (100.0) | 1164 (71.6) | 2462 (76.0) | |
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 462 (28.4) | 776 (24.0) | |
| Diabetes Mellitus | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 249 (100.0) | 669 (100.0) | 1600 (98.4) | 2978 (92.0) | |
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 26 (1.6) | 260 (8.0) | |
| Dyslipidemia | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 243 (97.6) | 645 (96.4) | 1477 (90.8) | 2984 (92.2) | |
| Yes | 6 (2.4) | 24 (3.6) | 149 (9.2) | 254 (7.8) |
Notes: Data are presented as median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. CKM, cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; WHTR, waist-to-height ratio; CVAI, Chinese visceral adiposity index; VAI, visceral adiposity index; LAP, lipid accumulation product; TyG, triglyceride-glucose index; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease. P-values were calculated using Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables