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. 2025 Jul 11;13(6):102285. doi: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2025.102285

Table III.

Efficacy and safety results for cryo-laser cryo-sclerotherapy (CLaCS) and foam

Variable Group No.a Mean SD Min Median Max P valueb
ΔE intensity CLaCS 21 1.3 1.88 0.12 0.8 9.1 .02735
Foam 21 1.44 1 0 1.1 3.4
ΔE intensity FP III/IV CLaCS 20 0.91 0.61 0.12 0.75 2.2 .006
Foam 20 1.48 1.01 0 1.11 3.4
Reduction rate, % CLaCS 21 62.34 25.65 10 62.5 100 .3475
Foam 21 68.45 26.68 20 63.64 100
Sclerosant volume CLaCS 23 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.3 3 <.0001
Foam 23 1.85 0.73 0.5 2 3
Vein punctures CLaCS 23 4.52 1.75 1 4 10 .9966
Foam 23 3.13 1.42 2 3 6
Pain score, cm CLaCS 23 2.72 1.48 0.2 2.3 6.5 .9885
Foam 23 1.85 1.14 0.5 1.75 5

FP, Fitzpatrick skin type classification; Max, maximum value; Min, minimum value.

a

No. varies due to participant loss to follow-up.

b

P value calculated using Wilcoxon statistical test for comparisons between the Foam and ClaCs groups.