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. 2025 Aug 6;38:14424. doi: 10.3389/ti.2025.14424

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Copyright © 2025 López del Moral, San Segundo, Ortega, Martínez-Belotto, Valero, Belmar, Valentín, Rodrigo, López-Hoyos and Ruiz.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flowchart depicting the selection process for a kidney transplant study. Starting with 565 patients, 161 were excluded, leaving 404 with early antibody screening. Of these, 36 with specific antibody profiles were excluded, and 368 remained. After further exclusions for graft failure, 353 patients were included. They were categorized into no-DSA (304), early-DSA (30), and late-DSA (19). — Flowchart of the patients included in our study. DSA: donor-specific antibodies. FCXM: flow cytometry crossmatch. *Causes of graft loss: graft bleeding requiring nephrectomy (6.7%, 1/15), death with functioning graft (13.3%, 2/15), hyperacute/acute rejection (20.0%, 3/15), arterial thrombosis (33.3%, 5/15) and venous thrombosis (26.7%, 4/15).