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. 2025 Aug 6;4:15008. doi: 10.3389/jaws.2025.15008

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Copyright © 2025 Latif, Brazkiewicz, Inan, Muysoms, Bhatti and Awan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Graph depicting operative time in minutes against case number for Robotic TARUP. The moving average line shows proficiency plateauing around the eighteenth case, with the data points scattered between 100 and 250 minutes. A green dashed line marks this plateau. — Learning curve for robotic TARUP repair.