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. 2025 Aug 6;4:15008. doi: 10.3389/jaws.2025.15008

TABLE 1.

Demographic and preoperative characteristics of consecutive patients undergoing hernia repair using robotic surgery.

Parameters Hernia repair technique
Inguinal rTAPP rTARUP/eTEP rTAR
Demographics (n = 97) (n = 42) (n = 13)
 Age (years), median (IQR) 61 (48–70) 56 (47–64) 55 (44–65)
 Sex, n
  Male
  Female

91
6

28
14

7
6
 Ethnicity, n
  White
  Black
  Asian British

86
0
11

39
0
3

11
1
1
 BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) 26 (24–28) 32 (29–36) 33 (30–35)
 ASA classification, median (IQR) 2 (2–2) 2 (2–2) 2 (2–3)
 CCI, median (IQR) 2 (1–3) 2 (1–3) 2 (1–3)
Preoperative characteristics
 Preoperative imaging, n
  Yes
  No

13
84

22
20

13
0
 Indication for repair, n
  Symptomatic
  Incarcerated

96
1

42
0

13
0
 Type of hernia, n
  Primary
  Recurrent
  Incisional

79
16

31
9
2

0
4
9
 Type of primary repair, n
  Open
   Suture
   Mesh

16
0
16

9
7
2

0
4
0
 Side of groin hernia, n
  Right
  Left
  Bilateral

42
32
23
 EHS classification, n
  M1M2, W2
  M2, W1
  M2M3, W2
  M2M3, W3
  M2-M4, W2
  M2-M4, W2, L3, W2
  M3, W1
  M3, W2
  M3, W2, L3, W2
  M3-M5, W2
  M3-M5, W3
  M4M5, W2
  M5, W1
  L3, W1

1
1
-
-
-
-
38
1
-
-
-
-
1
-

-
-
2
1
2
1
-
2
1
1
1
1
0
1
 Maximum defect size (cm), median (IQR)
  Width
  Height


3.2 (2.3–4.1)

7.0 (5.12–7.54)
11.0 (5.75–15.1)
 Loss of domain, median (IQR)
  Tanaka method

12.5 (11.2–16.6)

ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; CCI, charlson comorbidity index; EHS, European Hernia Society; IQR, interquartile range; rTAPP, robotic transabdominal preperitoneal; rTARUP, robotic transabdominal retrorectus umbilical prosthetic; eTEP, extended totally extraperitoneal; rTAR, robotic transversus abdominus release.