Table 2.
Intraoperative data and short-term clinical outcomes
| Non-injection group n = 66 | Pre-neoadjuvant injection group n = 22 | Preoperative injection group n = 21 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pT stage, n(%) | 0.527*** | |||
| T0 | 8 (12.1%) | 2 (9.1%) | 2 (9.5%) | |
| T1 | 3 (4.5%) | 0 (0) | 2 (9.5%) | |
| T2 | 15 (22.7%) | 5 (22.7%) | 1 (4.8%) | |
| T3 | 38 (57.6%) | 15 (68.2%) | 15 (71.4%) | |
| T4 | 2 (3.0%) | 0 (0) | 1 (4.8) | |
| pN stage, n(%) | 0.964*** | |||
| N0 | 43 (65.2%) | 16 (72.7%) | 14 (66.7%) | |
| N1 | 18 (27.3%) | 5 (22.7%) | 5 (23.8%) | |
| N2 | 5 (7.6%) | 1 (4.5%) | 2 (9.5%) | |
| yPTNM stage, n(%) | 0.752*** | |||
| 0 | 7 (10.6%) | 2 (9.1%) | 2 (9.5%) | |
| I | 16 (24.2%) | 3 (13.6%) | 3 (14.3%) | |
| II | 20 (30.3%) | 11 (50.0%) | 9 (42.9%) | |
| III | 23 (34.8%) | 6 (27.3%) | 7 (33.3%) | |
| Differentiation, n(%) | 0.953*** | |||
| Low | 12 (18.2%) | 3 (13.6%) | 3 (14.3%) | |
| Middle | 38 (57.6%) | 15 (68.2%) | 13 (61.9%) | |
| High | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Unknown | 16 (24.2%) | 4 (18.2%) | 5 (23.8%) | |
| Tumor regression grade, n(%) | 0.876*** | |||
| 0 | 7 (10.6%) | 2 (9.1%) | 2 (9.5%) | |
| 1 | 22 (33.3%) | 7 (31.8%) | 5 (23.8%) | |
| 2 | 29 (43.9%) | 11 (50.0%) | 9 (42.9%) | |
| 3 | 8 (12.1%) | 2 (9.1%) | 5 (23.8%) | |
| Tumor size (cm),M(IQR) | 2.0 (2.0) | 3.0 (1.9) | 2.5 (2.0) | 0.135** |
| Distal margin (cm),M(IQR) | 1.5 (1.6) | 1.5 (2.1) | 1.5 (1.9) | 0.721** |
| Total lymph nodes harvested,M(IQR) | 14.0 (5.0) | 20.0 (7.0) a | 16.0 (5.0) a | 0.000** |
| ≥ 12 lymph nodes harvested, n(%) | 0.016*** | |||
| Yes | 55 (83.3%) | 22 (100%) | 21 (100%) | |
| No | 11 (16.7%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Surgery duration (min),M(IQR) | 221.0 (79.0) | 230.5 (115.0) | 225.0 (117.0) | 0.776** |
| Blood loss (ml),M(IQR) | 100.0 (103) | 100.0 (113) | 100.0 (150) | 0.637** |
| Postoperative hospital stay (day),M(IQR) | 11.0 (5) | 8.5 (4) | 10.0 (3) | 0.076** |
| Hospital costs(RMB),M(IQR) | 61,311.29 (12,116.71) | 55,391.29 (14,543.13) | 62,335.23 (9603.36) | 0.170** |
| Complication, n(%) | 0.623*** | |||
| Yes | 16 (24.2%) | 6 (27.3%) | 3 (14.3%) | |
| No | 50 (75.8%) | 16 (72.7%) | 18 (85.7%) | |
| Intra-abdominal infection, n(%) | 8 (12.1%) | 2 (9.1%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0.844*** |
| Anastomotic leakage, n(%) | 6 (9.1%) | 2 (9.1%) | 0 (0) | 0.458*** |
| Urinary tract infection, n(%) | 2 (3.0%) | 1 (4.5%) | 0 (0) | 1.000*** |
| Hemorrhage, n(%) | 1 (1.5%) | 1 (4.5%) | 0 (0) | 0.636*** |
** Kruskal–Wallis test
*** Fisher's exact test
"a"indicates a statistically significant difference compared to the non-injected group. All comparisons were corrected using the Bonferroni method