Table 1 .

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for sources of evidence

Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Population
Midwifery service provision – care or services provided by midwives or nurse-midwives as defined the International Confederation of Midwives (see Box 1 above) [30]	Care or service provision, education, or deployment or retention strategies of other health professionals or workers such as nurses, doctors, community health workers, traditional birth attendants or maternal health workers
Midwifery or nurse-midwifery education – pre-service or in-service	Single perinatal interventions which may be delivered by midwives or nurse-midwives
Deployment, retention or other strategies relating directly to the midwifery workforce	Comprehensive, multidisciplinary services where midwives are not the primary population/ intervention or cannot be identified as primary care providers
Concept
Economic evaluations that consider comparative analysis of costs and outcomes including cost-effectiveness analysis, cost–benefit analysis, cost-utility analysis or return on investment analysis	Financial evaluations of private businesses or insurance groups
Economic evaluations that consider only costs including cost-minimisation analysis, cost-comparison analysis and cost-description analysis
Studies that include economic evaluation or costing analysis as primary or secondary study outcomes
Context
All countries, regions and sub-regions globally
Study design
A peer-reviewed research study or unpublished research thesis	Systematic, scoping or literature reviews, other evidence syntheses, conference abstracts or grey literature
Randomised control trial, cohort study, prospective or retrospective design, case study, case series, economic or mathematical modelling or before–after comparison	Policy or research models or guides
Year of publication was 2003 or later	Year of publication was before 2003
Published in English	Published in languages other than English