Table 3.
Quality appraisal of included studies
| Reference | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11* | % met |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full economic evaluations | ||||||||||||
| Attanasio et al. 2020 [58] | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | N/A | U | Y | N | N/A | 30% |
| Bernitz et al. 2012 [62] | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | N/A | 70% |
| Boukhalfa et al. 2024 [39] | Y | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N/A | 60% |
| Callander et al. 2020 [41] | Y | N | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | N/A | 70% |
| Callander et al. 2021 [46] | Y | Y | U | Y | U | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | N/A | 70% |
| Callander et al. 2024a [68] | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | Y | N/A | Y | Y | N | N/A | 70% |
| Fawsitt et al. 2017 [52] | Y | Y | U | Y | N | U | N/A | N | Y | U | N/A | 40% |
| Hitzert et al. 2017 [55] | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | N/A | N | Y | Y | N/A | 70% |
| Isaline et al. 2019 [60] | Y | Y | N | Y | U | U | N/A | Y | Y | N | N/A | 50% |
| Kenny et al. 2015 [53] | Y | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | U | N/A | 70% |
| Koto et al. 2019 [48] | Y | N | U | Y | U | Y | N/A | Y | Y | U | N/A | 50% |
| Manasyan et al. 2011 [65] | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | N/A | N | N | N | N/A | 20% |
| Petrou et al. 2004 [63] | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N/A | N | Y | Y | N/A | 70% |
| Schroeder et al. 2012 [56] | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | N | N/A | 70% |
| Walters et al. 2015 [50] | Y | U | Y | U | U | Y | N | Y | Y | N | N/A | 50% |
| Partial economic evaluations | ||||||||||||
| Altman et al. 2017 [59] | Y | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | N/A | N | N | Y | N/A | 60% |
| Bartlett et al. 2014 [64] | Y | N | Y | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | U | N/A | 40% |
| Callander et al. 2024b [40] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | N/A | 60% |
| Cicero et al. 2022 [61] | Y | Y | Y | N | N | P | N/A | N | N | N | N/A | 35% |
| Gao et al. 2014 [42] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N/A | N | N | U | N/A | 50% |
| Hendrix et al. 2009 [54] | Y | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | N/A | N | Y | Y | N/A | 70% |
| Hu et al. 2024a [37] | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N/A | N | N | U | N/A | 60% |
| Hu et al. 2024b [38] | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | U | N/A | 60% |
| Janssen et al. 2015 [51] | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N/A | N | N | Y | N/A | 60% |
| Muula et al. 2006 [66] | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | P | N | Y | N | N/A | 45% |
| O'Brien et al. 2010 [49] | Y | Y | N | N | U | Y | N | N | N | N | N/A | 30% |
| Scarf et al. 2020 [47] | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N/A | N | N | N | N/A | 60% |
| Schroeder et al. 2017 [57] | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | P | N | N | Y | N/A | 75% |
| Toohill et al. 2012 [43] | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N/A | N | N | Y | N/A | 70% |
| Tracy et al. 2013 [44] | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N/A | N | N | Y | N/A | 70% |
| Tracy et al. 2014 [45] | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N/A | N | N | Y | N/A | 70% |
| Zainullah et al. 2014 [67] | N | N/A | U | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | U | N/A | 30% |
*Q11 marked as not applicable owing to the global scope of this review and the vastly different contexts of each study setting
JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Economic Evaluations [36]
Q1 – Is there a well-defined question/objective?
Q2 – Is there a comprehensive description of alternatives
Q3 – Are all important and relevant costs and outcomes for each alternative identified?
Q4 – Has clinical effectiveness been established?
Q5 – Are costs and outcomes measured accurately?
Q6 – Are costs and outcomes valued credibly?
Q7 – Are costs and outcomes adjusted for differential timing?
Q8 – Is there any incremental analysis of costs and consequences?
Q9 – Were sensitivity analyses conducted to investigate uncertainty in estimates of costs or outcomes?
Q10 – Do study results include all issues of concern to users?
Q11 – Are the results generalizable to the setting of interest in the review?
Y, yes; N, no; U, unclear; P, partially; N/A, not applicable