Table 4.
Included sources of evidence by country and income level
| Reference | Country/countries | Income level* |
|---|---|---|
| Altman et al. 2017 [59] | USA | High income |
| Attanasio et al. 2019 [58] | USA | High income |
| Bartlett et al. 2014 [64] | 58 LMICs |
Low income Lower-middle income Upper-middle income |
| Bernitz et al. 2012 [62] | Norway | High income |
| Boukhalfa et al. 2024 [39] | Morocco | Lower middle income |
| Callander et al. 2020 [41] | Australia | High income |
| Callander et al. 2021 [46] | Australia | High income |
| Callander et al. 2024a [68] |
Bangladesh; Pakistan; Uganda |
Low income Lower-middle income |
| Callander et al. 2024b [40] | Australia | High income |
| Cicero et al. 2022 [61] | Italy | High income |
| Fawsitt et al. 2017 [52] | Ireland | High income |
| Gao et al. 2014 [42] | Australia | High income |
| Hendrix et al. 2009 [54] | Netherlands | High income |
| Hitzert et al. 2017 [55] | Netherlands | High income |
| Hu et al. 2024a [37] | Australia | High income |
| Hu et al. 2024b [38] | Australia | High income |
| Isaline et al. 2019 [60] | Belgium | High income |
| Janssen et al. 2015 [51] | Canada | High income |
| Kenny et al. 2015 [53] | Ireland | High income |
| Koto et al. 2019 [48] | Canada | High income |
| Manasyan et al. 2011 [65] | Zambia | Lower-middle income |
| Muula et al. 2006 [66] | Malawi | Low income |
| O'Brien et al. 2010 [49] | Canada | High income |
| Petrou et al. 2004 [63] | Switzerland | High income |
| Scarf et al. 2020 [47] | Australia | High income |
| Schroeder et al. 2012 [56] | UK | High income |
| Schroeder et al. 2017 [57] | UK | High income |
| Toohill et al. 2012 [43] | Australia | High income |
| Tracy et al. 2013 [44] | Australia | High income |
| Tracy et al. 2014 [45] | Australia | High income |
| Walters et al. 2015 [50] | Canada | High income |
| Zainullah et al. 2014 [67] | Afghanistan | Low income |
*As defined by the World Bank Group at time of publication [69]