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. 2025 Aug 19;45(9):200. doi: 10.1007/s00296-025-05961-w

Table 1.

Characteristics of the total study population by 5-year age intervals (n = 8618)

Total 40–44 yrs 45–49 yrs 50–54 yrs 55–59 yrs 60–64 yrs 65–69 yrs 70–75 yrs p-value
Number of participants, n (%) 8618 (100.0) 526 (6.1) 865 (10.0) 1172 (13.6) 1524 (17.7) 1748 (20.3) 1754 (20.4) 1029 (11.9) -
Age (years), mean (SD) 59.3 (8.7) 42.2 (1.4) 47.1 (1.4) 52.1 (1.4) 57.1 (1.4) 62.1 (1.4) 66.8 (1.4) 72.0 (1.6) -
Sex, n women (%) 4347 (50.4) 317 (60.3) 497 (57.5) 662 (56.5) 827 (54.3) 851 (48.7) 783 (44.6) 410 (39.8) < 0.01*
Educational level, n (%) < 0.01*
Low 2670 (31.0) 59 (11.2) 131 (15.1) 276 (23.6) 392 (25.7) 610 (34.9) 731 (41.7) 471 (45.8)
Middle 2380 (27.6) 183 (34.8) 352 (40.7) 403 (34.4) 455 (29.9) 397 (22.7) 362 (20.6) 228 (22.2)
High 3448 (40.0) 282 (53.6) 379 (43.8) 478 (40.8) 666 (43.7) 710 (40.6) 634 (36.2) 299 (29.1)
Unknown 120 (1.4) 2 (0.4) 3 (0.4) 15 (1.3) 11 (0.7) 31 (1.8) 27 (1.5) 31 (3.0)
Living situation, n (%) 0.18
Independent dwelling 8418 (97.7) 517 (98.3) 846 (97.8) 1142 (97.4) 1490 (97.8) 1710 (97.8) 1712 (97.6) 1001 (97.3)
Retirement or care home/sheltered housing 18 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 0 (0.0) 3 (0.2) 2 (0.1) 5 (0.3) 6 (0.6)
Other housing situation 113 (1.3) 7 (1.3) 15 (1.7) 15 (1.3) 23 (1.5) 22 (1.3) 21 (1.2) 10 (1.0)
Unknown 69 (0.8) 1 (0.2) 3 (0.4) 15 (1.3) 8 (0.5) 14 (0.8) 16 (0.9) 12 (1.8)
Smoking status, n (%) < 0.01*
Never 3328 (38.6) 285 (54.2) 462 (53.4) 535 (45.7) 567 (37.2) 544 (31.1) 579 (33.0) 356 (34.6)
Former 4127 (47.9) 157 (29.9) 278 (32.1) 424 (36.2) 731 (48.0) 963 (55.1) 988 (56.3) 586 (57.0)
Current 1094 (12.7) 83 (15.8) 122 (14.1) 200 (17.1) 216 (14.2) 226 (12.9) 174 (9.9) 73 (7.1)
Unknown 69 (0.8) 1 (0.2) 3 (0.4) 13 (1.1) 10 (0.7) 15 (0.9) 13 (0.7) 14 (1.4)
BMI, median (IQR)

26.2

(23.7–29.1)

24.9

(22.5–28.1)

25.7

(23.3–29.0)

25.7

(23.1–28.7)

26.1

(23.7–29.1)

26.3

(23.9–29.2)

26.4

(24.1–29.4)

26.9

(24.4–29.9)

< 0.01*
Alcohol consumption, n (%) < 0.01*
None 1514 (17.6) 97 (18.4) 176 (20.4) 231 (19.7) 252 (16.5) 277 (15.9) 285 (16.3) 196 (19.1)
Low 5099 (59.2) 371 (70.5) 555 (64.2) 713 (60.8) 917 (60.2) 994 (56.9) 979 (55.8) 570 (55.4)
High 1933 (22.4) 57 (10.8) 131 (15.1) 214 (18.3) 345 (22.6) 462 (26.4) 477 (27.2) 247 (24.0)
Unknown 72 (0.8) 1 (0.2) 3 (0.4) 14 (1.2) 10 (0.7) 15 (0.9) 13 (0.7) 16 (1.6)
T2DM, n (%) 1776 (20.6) 32 (6.1) 88 (10.2) 154 (13.1) 269 (17.7) 387 (22.1) 479 (27.3) 367 (35.7) < 0.01*

BMI Body Mass Index, T2DM Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

*Chi2 or ANOVA test p-value < 0.05