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. 2025 Apr 24;64(4):2901–2917. doi: 10.1007/s10943-025-02316-4

Table 4.

Linear regression analysis for effect of Spiritual Orientation Scale (SOS) and Religious Coping Styles Scale (RCSS) scores on Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU) and Parent Belief Scale (PBS) scores

PSS:NICU* β0 (95% CI) S. error β1 t p
Fixed 117.483 (95.182–139.784) 11.262 10.432 0.000
SOS total 0.140 (-0.091–0.371) 0.117 0.110 1.202 0.232
PBS** β0 (95% CI) S. error β1 t p
Fixed 50.840 (41.268–60.412) 4.834 10.518 0.000
SOS total 0.213 (0.114–0.312) 0.050 0.364 4.251 0.000
PSS:NICU*** β0 (95% CI) S. error β1 t p
Fixed 3.258 (2.510–4.005) 0.378 8.629 0.000
Positive Religious Coping Styles 0.025 (− 0.006–0.055) 0.016 0.144 1.580 0.117
PBS***** β0 (95% CI) S. error β1 t p
Fixed 54.784 (43.409–66.160) 5.745 9.537 0.000
Positive Religious Coping Styles 0.679 (0.211–1.147) 0.236 0.256 2.873 0.005
PSS:NICU**** β0 (95% CI) S. error β1 t p
Fixed 3.958 (3.709–4.207) 0.126 31.453 0.000
Negative Religious Coping Styles − 0.018 (− 0.055–0.019) 0.019 − 0.088 − 0.960 0.339
PBS****** β0 (95% CI) S. error β1 t p
Fixed 68.258 (64.40–72.11) 1.946 35.076 0.000
Negative Religious Coping Styles 0.467 (− 0.102–1.036) 0.287 0.148 1.624 0.107

*Dependent variable: PSS:NICU F = 1.444, p = 0.232, R = 0.110, R2 = 0.012, β0 unstandardized beta coefficient, β1 standardized beta coefficient

**Dependent variable: PBS F = 18.072, p = 0.000, R = 0.364, R2 = 0.133, β0 unstandardized beta coefficient, β1 standardized beta coefficient,

***Dependent variable: PSS:NICU F = 2.497, p = 0.117, R = 0.144, R2 = 0.021, β0: unstandardized beta coefficient, β1: standardized beta coefficient

****Dependent variable: PBS F = 8.252, p = 0.005, R = 0.256, R2 = 0.065, β0 unstandardized beta coefficient, β1 standardized beta coefficient

*****Dependent variable: PSS:NICU F = 0.922, p = 0.339, R = 0.088, R2 = 0.008, β0 unstandardized beta coefficient, β1 standardized beta coefficient

******Dependent variable: PBS F = 2.639, p = 0.107, R = 0.148, R2 = 0.022, β0 unstandardized beta coefficient, β1 standardized beta coefficient