Skip to main content
. 2025 Apr 6;64(4):2981–3002. doi: 10.1007/s10943-025-02299-2

Table 2.

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between the maternal religiosity latent classes and substance use outcomes in adolescent offspring at age 18 years (n = 8041)

Unadjusted model Fully adjusted model
OR (95% CIs) P-value OR (95% CIs) P-value
Harmful alcohol use 0.238 0.547
Agnostic (REF) 1.00 1.00
Atheist 0.96 (0.61,1.53) 0.89 (0.56,1.40)
Moderately religious 0.53 (0.27,1.00) 0.91 (0.57,1.44)
Highly religious 0.86 (0.57,1.30) 0.65 (0.36,1.17)
Weekly smoking 0.125 0.126
Agnostic (REF) 1.00 1.00
Atheist 0.77 (0.55, 1.07) 0.74 (0.53, 1.04)
Moderately religious 1.01 (0.77, 1.33) 1.00 (0.76, 1.31)
Highly religious 0.68 (0.45, 1.02) 0.68 (0.45, 1.02)
Cannabis 0.001 0.023
Agnostic (REF) 1.00 1.00
Atheist 1.44 (1.16, 1.81) 1.32 (1.05, 1.66)
Moderately religious 0.94 (0.77, 1.15) 0.93 (0.75, 1.14)
Highly religious 1.01 (0.78, 1.30) 1.00 (0.76, 1.32)
Other drugs 0.028 0.151
Agnostic (REF) 1.00 1.00
Atheist 1.55 (1.14, 2.11) 1.41 (1.02, 1.95)
Moderately religious 1.01 (0.75, 1.36) 1.00 (0.74, 1.35)
Highly religious 1.19 (0.85, 1.68) 1.19 (0.83, 1.69)