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. 2025 Apr 6;64(4):2981–3002. doi: 10.1007/s10943-025-02299-2
Variable Imputed sample size = 8041
Missing (%)
Alcohol 4704
(58.5%)
Cannabis 4706
(58.5%)
Other drugs 4728
(58.8%)
Smoking 4546
(56.5%)
Maternal crime 330
(4.1%)
Maternal alcohol/drug use 357
(4.4%)
Maternal smoking 1075
(13.4%)
Maternal education 520
(6.5%)
Social class 1298
(16.1%)
Home status 919
(11.4%)
Financial problems 1018
(12.7%)
Financial hardship 708
(8.8%)
Age at birth 637
(7.9%)
Marital status 465
(5.8%)
Maternal depression 979
(12.2%)
Maternal anxiety 1068
(13.3%)
Maternal stressful events 634
(7.9%)