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. 2025 Jan 13;62(8):1195–1204. doi: 10.1007/s00592-024-02437-4

Table 1.

Descriptive characteristics of the study population stratified by sex (see next page)

Males Females
Study population T2D Study population T2D
Number of individuals (%) 321,933 (100) 12,252 (3.8) 305,825 (100) 7,990 (2.6)
Follow-up age, mean (SD) years 49.4 (4.4) 43.8 (5.6) 49.7 (4.1) 41.7 (6.6)
Follow-up time, mean (SD) years 22.5 (3.8) 16.4 (5.2) 22.8 (3.3) 14.4 (6.1)
Education, N (%)
 Low 72,255 (22.4) 4,440 (36.2) 63,972 (20.9) 3,015 (37.5)
 Medium 166,194 (51.6) 6,314 (51.5) 141,623 (46.3) 3,704(46.1)
 High 83,484 (25.9) 1,498 (12.2) 100,230(32.8) 1,312 (16.3),
Any DC, N (%) 314,437 (97.7) 12,075 (98.4) 299,984 (98.1) 7,890 (98.8)
Highest DC, mean (SD) 9.13 (4.2) 9.72 (4.2) 9.27 (4.1) 9.95 (4.1)
DCS, N (%)
 Low 48,442 (15.1) 1,382 (11.3) 41,552 (13.6) 821 (10.3)
 Moderate 214,039 (66.5) 8,128 (66.3) 207,179 (67.7) 5,306 (66.4)
 High 48,993 (15.2) 2,182 (17.8) 46,677 (15.3) 1,449 (18.1)
 Severe 10,459 (3.3) 560 (4.6) 10,417 (3.4) 414 (5.2)
Any gingivitis, N (%) 312,276 (97.0) 11,937 (97.4) 293,199 (98.9) 7,696 (96.3)
Highest gingivitis, mean (SD) 5.75 (2.3) 6.17 (2.3) 5.13 (2.2) 5.62 (2.3)
GS, N (%)
 Low 103,511 (32.2) 3,207 (26.2) 130,786 (42.8) 2,803 (35.1)
 Medium 203,402 (63.2) 8,165 (66.6) 167,312 (54.7) 4,799 (60.1)
 High 15,020 (4.7) 880 (7.2) 7,727 (2.5) 388 (4.9)
Number of individuals in subset analyses (%) 32,703 (100) 867 (2.7) 31,993 (100) 661 (2.1)
Age at highest recorded DCS, N (%)
  < 12 years 27,125 (83.0) 721 (83.2) 26,705 (83.5) 554 (82.3)
  ≥ 12 years 5,542 (16.9) 146 (16.8) 5,288 (16.5) 117 (17.7)
DC duration, N (%)
 0–2 periods 10,248 (31.4) 215 (24.8) 9,733 (30.4) 182 (27.5)
 3 periods 22,419 (68.6) 652 (75.2) 22,260 (69.6) 479 (72.5)
DCS severity over time, N (%)
 Low 8,039 (24.6) 147 (16.9) 7,463 (23.3) 142 (21.5)
  Moderate 17,374 (53.2) 483 (55.7) 17,647 (55.2) 355 (53.7)
 High—Severe 7,254 (22.2) 237 (27.3) 6,883 (21.5) 164 (24.8)
Age at highest GS, N (%)
  < 12 years 25,087 (76.8) 630 (72.7) 26,837 (83.9) 517 (78.2)
  ≥ 12 years 7,580 (23.2) 237 (27.3) 5,156 (16.1) 144 (21.8)
Gingivitis duration, N (%)
 0–2 periods 10,079 (30.9) 213 (24.6) 11,120 (34.8) 208 (31.5)
 3 periods 22,588 (69.2) 654 (75.3) 20,873 (65.2) 453 (68.5)
GS severity over time, N (%)
 Low 9,088 (27.8) 179 (20.7) 12,155 (37.9) 211 (31.9)
 Moderate 22,147 (67.8) 625 (72.1) 19,050 (59.5) 425 (64.3)
 High 1,432 (4.4) 63 (7.3) 788 (2.5) 25 (3.8)

DC dental caries, DCS dental caries score, GS gingivitis score, N number, SD standard deviations