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. 2025 Apr 19;23(5):797–822. doi: 10.1007/s40258-025-00953-0

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 flow diagram for the systematic review, which included searches of databases, registers, and other sources. HTA Health Technology Assessment, NHS-EED National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, NA not applicable. *We reported the number of records identified from all databases, each database individually, and manual searches