Table 1.
General and methodological profiles of studies included
| First author, year |
Study location | Study design | Year of data collection | Method of recruitment | Types of abuse | Outcomes of interest | Comparison group for this review | Data analysis method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| McLaughlin, 1994 | USA | Cross-sectional | 1994 | Convenience sampling of participants in a conference | Sexual | Spirituality: M.O.S.T and QDS | Protestant survivors | Analytic statistics (χ2 and correlation coefficient) |
| Mart, 2004 | USA | Qualitative | N/A | Purposive sampling from alleged victims | N/A |
Spirituality: Interview Psychological: PAI and DAPS |
None | Narrative synthesis |
| Isely et al., 2008 | USA | Qualitative | 2008 | Purposive sampling from relevant network | Sexual |
Spirituality and Psychological: Interview |
None | Theme analysis |
| Shea, 2008 | USA | Cross-sectional | N/A | Voluntary sampling by sending email | Sexual |
Spirituality: SCSORF and QDS Psychological: LHS, BDI, PCL-S, and QDS |
Survivors abused by others not a priest |
Analytic statistics (Independent t-test) |
| Farrell, 2009 | UK | Qualitative | 2007 | Voluntary sampling in relevant organization | Sexual | Spirituality: Interview; Psychological: PTSD-QAI, ITQ, and interview | None | IPA |
| Lueger-Schuster, 2014a | Austria | Cross-sectional | 2012 | Voluntary sampling by letters and some gave permission for further contacts and research | Three types: physical, emotional, and sexual | Psychological: PCL-C, BSI, and GSI | None | Analytic statistics (χ2, t-test, and U-test) |
| Lueger-Schuster, 2014b | Austria | Cross-sectional | 2012 | Voluntary sampling by letters distributed by the commission | Three types: physical, emotional, and sexual |
Psychological: PCL-C, BSI, CISS, DLE, CD-RISC, LOT, and RPSSQ |
None | Analytic statistics (χ2 and ANOVA) |
| Spröber et al., 2014 | Germany | Cross-sectional | 2010–2011 | Reporting system for victims of abuse |
Mainly sexual, physical, and emotional |
Psychological: Self-reported mental disorders and psychosocial problems |
Protestant and non-religiously affiliated contexts | Analytic statistics (Kruskal–Wallis test and U-test) |
| Dreßing et al., 2019 | Germany | Descriptive | 1946–2014 | Personnel records of clergy | Sexual |
Spirituality and Psychological: Records from the documents |
None | Only descriptive statistics |
| Easton et al., 2019 | USA | Qualitative | 2010 | Purposive and voluntary sampling | Sexual |
Spiritual and Psychological: Textual responses in open-ended question in the online survey |
None | Conventional content analysis |
| Pereda & Segura, 2021 | Spain | Cross-sectional | 2018–2019 | Convenient and snowball sampling | Sexual | Spirituality: QDS | None | Only descriptive statistics |
| Pereda et al., 2022 | Spain and Chile | Cross-sectional | N/A | Convenient sampling by advertisement of relevant organizations | Sexual |
Spirituality: SIS and QDS Psychological: QDS (mental health and social problems) |
Survivors abused by non-Church (within and without family) | Analytic statistics (χ2, Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA, and regressions) |
| Prusak & Schab, 2022 | Poland | Qualitative | 2018–2019 | Convenient and snowball sampling | Sexual | Spirituality: Interview | None | IPA |
M.O.S.T Measure of Spirituality Test, QDS Questionnaires developed for the study, PAI Personality Assessment Inventor, DAPS Detailed Assessment of Post-traumatic Stress, SCSORF Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Scale, LHS Learned Helplessness Scale, BDI Beck Depression Inventory, PCL-S Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Specific, PTSD-QAI post-traumatic stress disorder qualitative assessment, ITQ Idiosyncratic Trauma Questionnaire, IPA Interpretative phenomenological analysis, PCL-C PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version, BSI Brief Symptom Inventory, CISS Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, DLE Disclosure of Loss Experience, CD-RSIC 10-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, LOT Life Orientation Test, RPSSQ Recalled Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, SIS Spiritual Injury Scale