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. 2025 Aug 19;5(1):127. doi: 10.1007/s44192-025-00269-4

Table 2.

The frequency distribution of the parent’s socioeconomic and demographic characteristics

Variables Categories Frequency Percent
Are you currently using any family planning method No 104 25.9
Yes 297 74.1
Father’s education level Illiterate 17 4.24
Primary 65 16.21
Secondary 197 49.13
Higher 122 30.42
Mother’s education level Illiterate 33 8.2
Primary 123 30.7
Secondary 192 47.9
Higher 53 13.2
Father’s occupation Government jobs 93 23.2
Private jobs 129 32.2
Daily work 59 14.7
Remittance Worker 85 21.2
Others 35 8.73
Monthly family income Less than 10 k 22 5.5
10 k-20 k 103 25.7
20 k-40 k 207 51.6
More than 40 k 69 17.2
Types of house Single-family homes 176 43.9
Apartments 105 26.2
Multi-family homes 120 29.9
Types of Place of Residence Rural 163 40.6
Urban 238 59.4
Mother’s age at the time of birth of that child (in Years) Less than 18 31 7.7
18–25 239 59.6
25–30 102 25.4
30 +  29 7.2
Family Type Nuclear Family 215 53.5
Joint Family 186 46.4
Mother’s poor nutrition during pregnancy No 192 47.8
Yes 209 52.0
Psychological Stress during pregnancy No 133 33.1
Yes 268 66.7
Have taken drugs related to Calcium during pregnancy No 146 36.3
Yes 255 63.4