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. 2025 Aug 19;15:30355. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-16143-w

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Molecular docking of N protein epitopes (NPE), M protein epitopes (NPE) and G protei epitopes (GPE) with respective HLA alleles. For each protein, the most significant representative epitopes were identified, and their binding with the alleles exhibiting the highest affinity was presented. The docking of protein-peptide was carried out using the GalaxyPepDock server. The free energy (ΔG) values for each binding demonstrate the affinity between the epitopes and alleles, determined through the PRODIGY server. Ribbon structures illustrate HLA alleles, while stick structures depict the corresponding epitopes.

Fig. 3 — Molecular docking of N protein epitopes (NPE), M protein epitopes (NPE) and G protei epitopes (GPE) with respective HLA alleles. For each protein, the most significant representative epitopes were identified, and their binding with the alleles exhibiting the highest affinity was presented. The docking of protein-peptide was carried out using the GalaxyPepDock server. The free energy (ΔG) values for each binding demonstrate the affinity between the epitopes and alleles, determined through the PRODIGY server. Ribbon structures illustrate HLA alleles, while stick structures depict the corresponding epitopes.