Temperature-dependent transcription profiles of cspA, lpp, and ksgA. Abortive transcription initiation using DNA templates containing promoter regions of cspA, lpp, and ksgA. The reactions were carried out at indicated temperatures. Reaction products were separated by denaturing PAGE. For lpp, CpG and [α-32P]CTP were used, and for ksgA, GpC and [α-32P]UTP were used. Lane 7 in each case is the respective [α-32P]NTP loaded on the gel as a control. The positions of the respective synthesized products are indicated by arrows.